Preheat broiler and position rack 6 inches from heat. Mix miso, mirin, soy sauce, sugar, and ginger. Place salmon on a foil-lined baking sheet, brush with all the glaze, and broil 4-5 minutes until caramelized and cooked through.

Cook soba noodles in boiling water according to package directions, about 4 minutes. Drain, rinse under cold water, and divide among 4 bowls.

Use a peeler to make carrot ribbons, slice cucumber into thin half-moons, slice scallions, and toss carrot with edamame.

Place a salmon fillet on each noodle bowl, pile the carrot-edamame mix and cucumber to the side, and top with scallions and sesame seeds. Serve immediately.